PARC (Parkside Academic Resource Center)
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Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by General Format for Articles
Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year of Publication). Article title: Capital after colon. Periodical Title, Volume(Issue), Page Range. DOI
Print Article Example
Ellery, K. (2008). Undergraduate plagiarism: A pedagogical perspective. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 33(5), 507-516.
Online Article Example
Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.225
General Format for Books
Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year of Publication). Book title: Capital for subtitle. (# ed.). Publisher Name.
One Author Example
Shields, C. J. (2006). Mockingbird: A portrait of Harper Lee. Henry Holt.
Multiple Authors Example
Anson, C. M., Schwegler, R. A., & Muth, M. F. (2000). The Longman writer's companion. (4th ed.). Longman.
Chapter in an Edited Book Example
Smith, P. M. (2006). The diverse librarian. In E. Connor (Ed.). An introduction to reference services in academic libraries. (pp. 137-140). Haworth Press.
General Format for Webpages
Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL
Webpage Example - With Author
Price, D. (2018, March 23). Laziness does not exist. Medium. https://humanparts.medium.com/laziness-does-not-exist-3af27e312d01
Webpage Example - With Group or Organizational Author
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. (2019, November 21). Justice served: Case closed for over 40 dogfighting victims. https://www.aspca.org/news/justice-served-case-closed-over-40-dogfighting-victims
Webpage Example - Without an Author
Tuscan white bean pasta. (2018, February 25). Budgetbytes. Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.budgetbytes.com/tuscan-white-bean-pasta/
Webpage Example - Without a Date
National Alliance on Mental Illness. (n.d.). Mental health conditions. https://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Mental-Health-Conditions
A reference list should appear at the end of a paper, on a new page. The word 'References' (if multiple sources) should be bold font and centered on the page at the top.
Each cited work in a paper should be included in the list, and every listed reference should be found in the body of the paper.
The reference list should be alphabetized by the leading author's last name.
All entries on the reference list should be double-spaced.
The first line of each listed reference should be flush with the left margin, and all succeeding lines should be indented one-half inch from the left margin (i.e., hanging indentation).
When directly quoting or paraphrasing from a published work in text (i.e., research papers, assignments, reports), follow the author-date format that includes the author's last name and the publication year, for example (Steinbeck, 1937). Direct quotations also should include the page number referenced. 'p.' should be used for listing single pages and 'pp.' for multiple pages, for example, (Steinbeck, 1937, p. 12) and (Steinbeck, 1937, pp. 12-13).
All sources cited in the text must appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.
Direct Quote Examples
author last name (publication year) with page number at sentence end or (author last name, publication year, page number)
Tilley (2001) describes the process of apprenticeship as "watching and learning, then coaching followed by hands-on practice" (p. 205).
She stated, "watching and learning, then coaching followed by hands-on practice" (Tilley, 2001, p. 205), is the best process for effective apprenticeship.
Paraphrased Example
author last name (publication year) or (author last name, publication year) at sentence end
Muddiman (1995) points out that with new emerging technologies there is a shift from knowledge to skills within librarianship.
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